The key complications of beta thalassemia major: a review and update

Thalassemia is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorder with the defective synthesis one or more globin chains. β-thalassemia global disease high prevalence in Africa, Southeast Asia and Mediterranean countries. In Malaysia, α are commonest. articles that we reviewed, transfusion-dependent highly associated complications related to thalassemia such as cardiovascular disease, endocrine disorders, skeletal deformities others. Following advancements major treatment, remains leading cause mortality patients. Thalassemia-associated cardiac pathology includes several conditions, myocardial dysfunction, arrhythmias atrial fibrillation. Endocrine caused by iron deposition gland, resulting impaired function. The commonest presentation short stature followed puberty, abnormal thyroid function diabetes mellitus. Moreover, remain challenge. most prevalent malocclusion teeth, frontal bossing chipmunk facies whilst osteoporosis, osteopenia fracture seen minority patient. Although comprehensive care has resulted long-term survival good quality life, poor management will lead increase treatment cost. However, study (DNA analysis) examines deletions mutations β-globin-producing genes help correct diagnosis improve